While many winemakers may disagree, the production of a fine vintage dessert wine does not have to begin in the vineyard. Though there are a few varieties known for being naturally sweet, many of them need added residual sugar to stave off bitterness. The sugars levels in grapes can be concentrated further by harvesting the wine grapes late or by giving them more sun exposure, both methods can be uniquely difficult to manage.Because of this many dessert wines are not sweet wines to start because of what happened in the vineyard but by the residual sugar added before or after fermentation. German winemakers increase the amount of sugar by adding grape juice after the fermentation process. This lowers the alcohol content considerably. Other ways to supplement low sugar levels is to use grapes affected with Noble Rot or Botrytis Cinerea, freezing out some of the water or by drying the grapes prior to fermentation in order to produce great sweet wines.
Sweet wine is classified according to the types of grapes used, the alcohol content of the sweet wine, its color and its flavor. These classifications will vary from region to region. For instance, in England dessert wines are considered to be any wine drunk with a meal. In the U.S. a wine is considered a dessert wine with a 14% alcohol or higher alcohol content.
As the definitions differ regionally and by vineyard most agree that dessert wine is the sweetest sweet wine of all. Generally it is not fortified and has a higher sugar and alcohol content than other sweet wine types. Some are as thick as honey.
Some would argue that wine served with a meal should be chosen according to the main ingredient of the meal, for instance, Chardonnay with chicken. While others feel it's all in what you prefer. Regardless of your school of thought on the matter, there is universal consensus that sweet is a taste reserved for dessert, whether with having a dessert wine with dessert or enjoying it all on its own.
However, the best course on deciding whether dessert wine will be served with or without an actual dessert is to taste several dessert wines over time and figure out what suits your palate best as a sweet wine for beginners.
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